EV battery supplier Northvolt is considering postponing its planned factory in Germany as surging energy costs threaten to stall the country’s bid to build a sizable electric-vehicle supply chain.
The Swedish manufacturer will decide next year whether to build the Heide facility in northern Germany in time for production to start in late 2025 or expand first in North America, where U.S. President Joe Biden is wooing cell manufacturers with billions of dollars in incentives.
“Given what is happening in North America and what is happening in Europe on the other hand, with energy prices not the least, we are during next year going to decide what to prioritize,” said Jesper Wigardt, a Northvolt spokesman. A decision in favor of North America might delay the German plant “a bit.”
The Heide facility is among the first EV projects in Europe’s biggest economy that may get pushed back because of runaway energy inflation. Northvolt’s deliberations also point to intensifying competition among countries trying to attract key manufacturers supplying the shift away from the combustion engine.
Germany’s industrial sector has been heavily dependent on cheap gas from Russia and has suffered severely since Moscow curtailed shipments, sending prices soaring.
Producing batteries is energy intensive because of the high heat involved. Costs for logistics and construction services have also increased.
Europe’s energy crisis could render cell plants in the region “practically unviable” and production may move elsewhere as a result, the head of Volkswagen Group’s namesake brand, Thomas Schaefer, said earlier Monday.
Rising costs add to pressure to respond to the Inflation Reduction Act, the U.S. climate and tax law that aims to boost domestic EV production and reduce reliance on China for battery components and materials.
“IRA has changed the dynamics for suppliers, the entire value chain is looking at North America instead of at Europe,” Wigardt said. “European politicians on various levels need to act quickly to ensure that Europe remains attractive to invest in.”
Northvolt has not made a final decision on the Heide timeline and in any case will have to expand in Europe to be a leader in that market, Wigardt said.
The Heide plant is due to produce its first cells in late 2025, with commercial output starting the following year. Northvolt announced the project in March, saying it will have an annual capacity of 60 gigawatt-hours — sufficient for roughly 1 million EVs — and benefit from abundant wind power suppliers in northern Germany.
VW, which has invested in Northvolt, plans to have six battery factories in full operation across Europe by 2030.
Volvo Cars and Northvolt are planning a joint battery manufacturing plant in Gothenburg, western Sweden, the two companies have said. The factory will make battery cells specifically developed for use in next-generation full-electric Volvo and Polestar cars and is expected to begin operations in 2025.
“The joint venture [with Northvolt] allows us to be able to set up a battery factory anywhere that we choose in the world. So, we can take that and replicate it if we wanted to in the U.S.,” Volvo CEO Jim Rowan told Automotive News Europe earlier this month.
Douglas A. Bolduc contributed to this report
